Experimental Evidence

The following sections contain experimental evidence in favor of a Flat Earth.

=Water Convexity Experiments=

The Bedford Canal Experiments
The classic Flat Earth water convexity experiments were described in the book Earth Not a Globe by Samuel Birley Rowbotham. Rowbotham lives near the canal and performs the experiment numerous times over a long period of time. The Bedford Canal is a man-made canal which was selected as the most ideal location for the types of experiments performed due to the narrow passageways and low disturbance of the water's surface.

Of special interest, and in regards to the popularized subject of refraction, we look at the second experiment in the text.

Experiment Two
From Experiment Two of Earth Not a Globe we read:





On analysis of this experiment, if the earth were a globe, one important remark would be that it is quite the coincidence that the flags all experienced the Flat Earth refraction effect, one by one, all the way down to the end, which projected each flag into the air at the exact height they needed to be at in order to make things look flat in accordance with the distance looked across and the height of the observer.

Other ENAG Experiments
Experiment 1 - Boat Unsunken, 6 miles (Two Point) Experiment 3 - Theodolite Between Bridges (Three Point) Experiment 4 - Theodolite-Flag-Cross (Three Point) Experiment 5 - Bridge Notice Board (Two Point) Experiment 6 - Receding Boat (Duration type, Multiple Points) Experiment 7 - Horizontal Curvature - Long Board Experiment 8 - Horizontal Curvature - Crosshair Experiment 9 - Boat Between Lighthouses (Three Point)

The English Mechanic
From The English Mechanic, a scientific journal:

From "The Flat Earth: another Bedford Canal experiment" (Bernard H.Watson, et al), ENGLISH MECHANIC, 80:160, 1904

Weather and Wave Conditions
In the chapter On the Dimensions of Ocean Waves, Rowbotham explains that the above is affected by wind and water conditions. The reproduction woks best in fine weather:

The Bishop Experiment
California Monterey Bay is a relatively long bay that sits next to the Pacific Ocean. The distance between the extremes of the Monterey Bay, Lovers Point in Pacific Grove and Lighthouse State Beach in Santa Cruz, is just over 23 statute miles.



On a very clear and chilly day it is possible to see Lighthouse Beach from Lovers Point and vice versa. With a good telescope, laying down on the stomach at the edge of the shore on the Lovers Point beach 20 inches above the sea level it is possible to see people at the waters edge on the adjacent beach 23 miles away near the lighthouse. The entire beach is visible down to the water splashing upon the shore. Upon looking into the telescope I can see children running in and out of the water, splashing and playing. I can see people sun bathing at the shore and teenagers merrily throwing Frisbees to one another. I can see runners jogging along the water's edge with their dogs. From my vantage point the entire beach is visible.

IF the earth is a globe, and is 24,900 English statute miles in circumference, the surface of all standing water must have a certain degree of convexity--every part must be an arc of a circle. From the summit of any such arc there will exist a curvature or declination of 8 inches over the first statute mile. Over two miles the fall will be 32 inches; by the end of the third mile, 72 inches, or 6 feet, as shown in this chart.

Correcting for the height of the observer of about 20 inches, when looking at the opposite beach over 23 miles away there should be a bulge of water obscuring objects up to 300 feet above the far beach. There isn't. Even accounting for refraction, the amount hidden should be around 260 feet - seeing down to the shoreline should be impossible.

Suppose that the earth is a sphere with a radius of 3,963 miles. If you are at a point P on the earth's surface and move tangent to the surface a distance of 1 mile then you can form a right angled triangle as in the diagram.

Looking over a distance of 1 mile, we can use the theorem of Pythagoras:

a2 = 3,9632 + 12 = 15,705,370

and when we square root that figure we get a = 3,963.000126 miles

Thus your position is 3,963.000126 - 3,963 = 0.000126 miles above the surface of the earth.

0.000126 miles = 12 in * 5,280 ft * 0.000126 mi = 7.98 inches

Hence after one mile the earth drops approximately 8 inches.

Ergo, looking across 23 miles the Pythagorean theorem becomes:

a2 = 39632 +232 = 15,705,898

and when we square root that figure we get a = 3,963.06674 miles

Thus your position is 3,963.06674 - 3,963 = 0.06674 miles above the surface of the earth

0.06674 miles = 5,280 ft/mi * 0.6674 mi = 352.3872 feet

Hence after 23 miles the earth drops approximately 352 feet.

There are a number of different methods to calculate the drop of the Round Earth. Go ahead and look a few up to try out. You will find that the drop while looking over 23 miles is on the order of 300-400 feet.

Sinking Ship Effect
It is proven that the ship does not sink behind a hill of water, but that it is actually perspective which hides it. This demonstrates that the Earth is not a globe. There have been experiments where half-sunken ships have been restored by simply looking at them through telescopes, showing that they are not actually hiding behind "hills of water".

Main article: Sinking Ship Effect

Why I'm a Flat Earther... 37 Must-See Experiments
The Flat Earth movement has been performing continuous validation and checks of Earth Not a Globe. The following is a good collection of experiments which demonstrate that the earth is flat.

Further Flat Earth Evidence

 * Video: Taboo Conspiracy compares the Flat Earth Water Convexity Experiment and Sinking Ship effect that occurs over time. Would refraction make the scene hazier or clearer?


 * Video: Monterey Bay Experiment over 13.23 Miles shows a Flat Earth.


 * Professor Mark Fonstad of Southwest Texas University demonstrates that Kansas is Flatter than a Pancake


 * Thomas Winship conducts numerous experiments in his work Zetetic Cosmogony.


 * A woman named Lady Blount was among the first to peer review Rowbotham's work: Lady Blount Trials


 * In A Hundred Proofs the Earth Is Not a Globe by William Carpenter there are a number of referenced experiments which demonstrates the earth's non-globularity.


 * There are referenced experiments in the book "Terra Firma 1901" by David Wardlaw Scott which favor a Flat Earth: http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924031764594