Moon Tilt Illusion

If the Moon is illuminated by the Sun it is expected that its illuminated portion should always point at the Sun. The Moon Tilt Illusion is a phenomenon in which the lit portion of the Moon unexpectedly points away from the Sun. The phenomenon is most extreme for phases between Half Moon and Full Moon. The Moon Tilt Illusion even occurs after the Sun has set, a situation in which the the illuminated portion of the Moon is pointing upwards and away from the Earth while the Sun is below the horizon.

Some attribute this phenomenon to 'perspective', while astronomers tell us that there is a 'celestial sphere' which the celestial bodies glide upon at different angles, and upon which straight lines become curved. We are given a series of analogies and explanations separate from, and incompatible with, the Round Earth Theory.

The Moon Tilt Illusion is geometric anomaly predicted by the Flat Earth Theory. Under the FET the Moon Tilt is directly predicted by Electromagnetic Acceleration (EA). The nature of EA results in the tilt of the Moon's phase away from the Sun and, for those who will accept the proof when furnished, acts as a vivid piece of evidence for the Flat Earth celestial model which is visible and accessible to all.

=Description=

(Source)

Professor Myers at the University of Pennsylvania provides the following description:

http://www.upenn.edu/emeritus/essays/MyersMoon.html



Moon Tilt Observational Diagram
In a related paper from the same author titled The Moon Tilt Illusion (Archive), Professor Myers provides the following diagram of the observed tilt of the Moon and its displacement from the expected angle for waxing phases in the North:



Altitude is the elevation of the moon in the sky. Azimuth is the degrees clockwise from North. The diagram shows phases from full to new. At times the Moon is pointing towards the Sun, and at other times the Moon is pointing away from it. When opposite from the Sun, the Moon's tilt can be wildly displaced from its expected position.

Other Versions


 * Moon Tilt Northern Waning
 * Moon Tilt Southern Waxing
 * Moon Tilt Southern Waning

From the source:

Lunar Phases at Sunset
Another depiction of the various orientations of the Moon in relation to the Sun at the time of sunset for waxing phases in the North may be found below:



(Source)

Other Versions


 * Waning Phases at Sunrise

Sun and Moon Anomaly
From a Stack Exchange post on the Moon Tilt Illusion we find an observation (Archive):





=Flat Earth Moon Tilt=

It has been asked if there is an example of a celestial event that the Flat Earth Theory predicts which the Round Earth Theory does not. The Moon Tilt Illusion is one such example. While RET has difficulty explaining this anomaly, with its professors calling it "counter-intuitive and magical", and multiple contradictory and geometrically questionable explanations are put forward in attempt to explain it, the phenomenon is directly predicted by the Flat Earth astronomical model. According to the theory of Electromagnetic Acceleration light curves upwards over very long distances, is the cause for the rising and setting of celestial bodies, and is responsible for various dome-like observations. When this scheme of upwardly bending light is applied to the orientation of the Moon it is seen that Electromagnetic Acceleration directly predicts the Moon Tilt Illusion.

Moon Flipped
Due to EA the observer will always see the nearside (underside) of celestial bodies. As result the orientation of the image on opposite sides will be upside-down. The illustration below shows the extremes of the Moon's rising and setting and the upside-down flipping of the Moon's image to observers positioned on opposite sides of the Moon.



An observer to the West of the Moon sees the phase pointed upwards away from the horizon, and an observer to the East of the Moon sees the phase pointed downwards towards the horizon.

Moon Tilted
When viewing the Moon at various positions around it, it is seen that the Moon's phase tilts until it matches the opposite orientation. In the below illustration observers A - H are standing around the Moon, viewing it at various positions around it. The Moon over the solid horizon shows the observer's view. The central Moon illustration is the nearside (underside) of the Moon.



Notice that the views on opposite sides of each observer (A - H) are vertically flipped to each other like in the rising and setting side view diagram.

To simulate the view for each observer flip the central nearside face in relation to the observer's orientation around the Moon (positions A - H), so that the observer sees the furthest part of the Moon from his or her position at the closest to that observer's horizon. This represents each observer's view of the Moon.



For instance, Observer C at midmoon is looking to the right (Southward) at the Moon and from that position will see the darkened portion to the left of the Moon's image, with the furthest part of the Moon from Observer C's location at the bottom closest to that observer's horizon. The same may be applied for each observer, relative to their various positions around the Moon. Alternatively, one may take the vertically flipped rising phase for Observer A and rotate that image in 45 degree increments to match the positions of the Observers B - H around the Moon.

EA predicts that between rising and midmoon the Moon's phase will be pointed significantly away from the Earth and Sun, angled upwards above it. At midmoon the illuminated portion of the Moon will be pointing at a right angle in the sky. Between midmoon and setting the phase will be pointing downwards towards the Earth. EA also predicts that the Moon's face will roll and rotate clockwise in the North and counter-clockwise in the South.

Comparison
Compare the EA Moon Tilt diagrams to the diagrams shown at the beginning of the page showing the Moon Tilt Illusion for the Waxing Phases in the North and South.


 * Moon Tilt Northern Waxing
 * Moon Tilt Southern Waxing
 * Northern Waxing Phases at Sunset

=Round Earth Explanations=

Perspective Explanation
An explanation of the Moon Tilt Illusion for the Round Earth Theory is given in the form of a perspective effect. It is possible to arrange yourself under an object so that it points upwards above your head. It is claimed that this is occurring with the Moon.



Scene zoomed out:



Two Object Problem
One issue with this explanation of 'perspective' is that if the observer is ever in a position to see both the Moon and Sun simultaneously, the illuminated portion Moon should point at the Sun. When moving the camera around the above scene, whenever the green cone and yellow ball are in the same field, the cone will always point at the ball along that straight line.



However, in contrast to this experimental determination of perspective, we find that with the Moon Tilt Illusion it is possible for an observer to see both the Moon and Sun simultaneously, misaligned to each other.

At http://www.astropix.com/html/l_story/moonill.html (Archive) professional astrophotographer Jerry Lodriguss (bio) reports:



Higher Sun Argument
It is sometimes argued that the Moon would see the Sun from a higher position than the observer does, or that the Sun is illuminating from a higher position, as the rays of the Sun are parallel to the Earth-Moon system. This is a misinterpretation of the involved geometry; the Sun's rays are not exactly parallel to the Earth and Moon, and the Moon's illuminated area would point at the center of the Sun rather than any other point.

This is addressed at  Moon Tilt Illusion Supplement - Higher Sun Argument

Celestial Sphere
Another explanation for the Moon Tilt Illusion involves a "Celestial Sphere" in the sky, upon which straight lines become curved.

In the paper The Moon Tilt Illusion (Archive) by Adrea and Alan Myers, the following is stated:

We are told that straight lines become curved when looking into the sky because of the "celestial sphere" which exists above our heads.

3D Model Example
A demonstration against this concept may be found in any 3D modeling program. Create a long straight line and place the camera at various positions and distances from it. At what point does the straight line become curved? The answer we have found is: At no point. A straight line in the distance will always be straight.

Alternatively, if the line were a green cone pointing at a yellow ball, the green cone would always point at the yellow ball.







In the above we took a picture of a 3D scene in various positions. With various positions and greater and greater distances from the scene, the cone will always point at the ball. One must wonder, why does the arrow always point at the ball? The assertion that arrows would not point at the things they are pointing at also implies that if you took a picture of any line in 3D space, that it would appear curved on the picture.

On this topic we receive arguments such as "What you are failing to consider is that the night sky is not a euclidean space; it's a curved surface." But just what is being described? In RET the space above and around it is not a "curved surface". It's not a surface at all. What reason is there to think that we would see it as a surface around us where straight lines become curves? This can only be seen as wild imagination from a desperate position.

Hence, the concept of a celestial sphere is seen to be a contrived concept bearing no relation to the 3D space which the Sun-Earth-Moon systems of astronomy are said to exist in. As there is no sphere around the Earth in RET upon which straight lines may become curved, it is again found that a geometric explanation for the Moon Tilt Illusion is unavailable. Astronomers disagree among themselves on the cause, with some speculating on a planetarium-like celestial sphere which does not exist in the physical Sun-Earth-Moon system.

Celestial Sphere Project
Our experts on astronomy provide us with a Moon Tilt Illusion scene cut into a 'Celestial Sphere' to give us a better idea on "how things work in 3D space." Straight lines become curved on the Celestial Sphere.



(Source Images)

Unfortunately, this example comes with a fictitious premise. The sky is not a sphere which the Sun, Moon, and lines of light rays rest against to cause artificial curvature. Straight lines will be straight in space above us, not 'curved on a celestial sphere'.

If the Sun and Moon can be connected in such a manner, it merely provides a small clue for the underlying mechanism, and does not imply that there is a "celestial sphere" above the Earth where "straight lines become curved". Such a mechanism is entirely unexplained and nonphysical in the Round Earth Theory.

String Experiment
Along the same lines as the above, we are given reference to "string experiments" in which the direction of the Moon's illuminated portion is able to be connected to the sun with a string.

Credit: Bobby Shafto

It has been argued that the string experiment shows that the bodies do actually point at each other. An illusion of some type is occurring and the string experiment "breaks the illusion," demonstrating that the illuminated portion of the Moon is actually pointing at the Sun. If it was not pointing at the Sun then it would not be possible to hold a straight piece of string along that path.

As a reply to this, consider the following scenario:


 * You are laying down on the ground on your back, facing upwards, and at the edges of your vision see the top of a pine tree on one side of your vision, and the top of a cabin on the other. You take out a string and connect them together across your vision. Have you proved that the tree is pointing at the cabin?

If you are laying down on the ground on your back and see the Moon pointing upwards on one side of your vision and see the Sun setting at the horizon on the other, a string connecting the two will no more prove that the Moon is pointing at the Sun than it would prove that a tree is pointing at a cabin. When you lay on your back you can see 190 degrees of space1. Just because an object at one side might be pointing "up" at another object at the other side, it doesn't mean that they are pointing at each other.

When wrapped around the observer, this panoramic view of the moon tilt illusion:



Turns into this:

Art Credit: Todd Lockwood

In the above example both the Moon and airplane are on opposite sides of the Sun near point B. The Sun is on the horizon at point A. The Moon and airplane are not actually pointing at the Sun. The string merely connects them two dimensionally across a 'sphere of vision' exactly like the tree-cabin example.

If the airplane was actually pointing at the Sun in the above example, then when looking at the airplane face on, with the Sun on the horizon to your back, you should see the airplane pointed at you and tilted downwards towards the opposite horizon behind you. The same would also apply for the Moon. If the Moon were pointing at the Sun then when you face the Moon its illumined portion should point downwards at the Sun at the horizon behind you, just as an airplane would. Thus, we see that this assertion that the string experiment demonstrates that an illusion is occurring and that bodies are pointing at each other is erroneous. The string experiment may suggest that object positions and straight line paths behave as if they are curving on a dome of some manner, which may provide us with a clue in deciphering the nature of our world, but it does not demonstrate absolute directions of bodies.

A fish-bowl type simulation of the Moon Tilt Illusion can be seen in University of Nebraska-Lincoln's Moon Phases and the Horizon Diagram (.swf Archive) - "Provides a method of learning the correlation between the phase of the moon, the time of day, and the position of the moon in the sky."



Footnotes


 * 1 "our eyes sit in the front of our head, allowing us to see about 60 percent of world in front of us with both eyes, at the compromise that we can only see at maximum about 190 degrees around us (Block 1969; Wolfe 2006)" – Human Spatial Navigation, 2018, p.73

Curving Lines on Celestial Sphere
Referring back to a Celestial Sphere explanation, it is next more explicitly claimed that lines curve on a Celestial Sphere around us, and it is again insisted that we merely need to "do the string experiment" to see that the paths connect, showing the existence of this sphere.

The claim that lines curve on the Celestial Sphere above us is to claim that if we shine a laser into space that we will see it wrap around the dome and hit the opposite horizon.



If Dexter fires his laser beam into the sky and into space, will we see it 'wrap around' on the Celestial Sphere and hit the opposite horizon?

We are obliged to answer in the negative. The laser beam will not wrap around to the opposite horizon. We again see that the mechanism of a 'Celestial Sphere' is nonphysical and unexplained.

At amazingsky.com we find the following (Archive):



Caption: "The MSM’s bright laser pointer is useful for aiming the tracker at the North Celestial Pole, located about a degree away from Polaris in the direction of Alkaid, the end star in the Handle of the Big Dipper or Plough."

If the laser could continue forever into the distance, would it curve around on the Celestial Sphere and hit the horizon?

=Predictive Equation=

In The Moon Tilt Illusion (Archive) Professor Myers provides equations which can be used to predict the Moon's tilt in the Moon Tilt Illusion. Some have attempted to reference these equations as a piece of evidence that the Moon Tilt can be explained under the Round Earth Theory. Assessing the scheme of the model used, however, shows that it is not a Round Earth model.

Viewing Plane
In Professor Myers' model the distant Moon and Sun are projected onto a "viewing plane" near the observer. Figure 7 on p.8 shows a diagram of this model:



In the above caption it is stated of the Moon and Sun that the "image is on the viewing plane". Is there a viewing plane above our heads in RET where bodies are projected upon? As we are not taught that there is a "viewing plane" close above our heads where the celestial bodies are projected, we must question the premise of the calculations.

Why is a "viewing plane" necessary? We see that the model is unrelated to the systems which are said to be in place.

Celestial Sphere
Previously, we had read that Professor Myers told us about the curving of light on the celestial sphere as cause of the Moon Tilt Illusion. He states:







At the bottom of p.2 of his paper The Moon Tilt Illusion (Archive) Professor Myers explains that the celestial sphere is used as an axiom in the equations for the predictive portion:

Once we consider all of the above, including geometrical concepts such as the celestial sphere, upon which the celestial bodies are assumed to be resting on at different angles and where straight lines become curved, we can explain the Moon Tilt Illusion.

Distance to Sun and Moon Not Used
On p.9 we see statements that the distances to the Sun and Moon are not used and are avoided.

Doing the Math
At the 42 minute mark of a video titled Moon Tilt Illusion (Doing the Math), which looks at the math in the Myers paper, the narrator explains that the distance from the earth to the sun does not matter, and that in this model the illuminated portion of the Moon will point in the same direction regardless of the distance of the Sun to the Earth. The illuminated portion of the Moon will always point in the same direction, whether the Sun is 0 or 100,000,000 units of measurement away from the observer.

A Simple Challenge
To those who do think that this model does represent a Round Earth model; a simple exercise is to go through the document and point out the page or section where the distance from the Earth to the Sun or the Earth to the Moon is expressed in the equations. We have found that the distances do not appear anywhere in the equations.

However, there is a perspective difference between moving bodies which are close by and moving bodies which are millions of miles away. A Round Earth model should have Round Earth properties. Since the above predictive model does not use the Round Earth distances, and instead appeals to 'viewing planes', 'celestial spheres', and undefined distances, it cannot be a Round Earth model. The required geometry could be seen to act more as evidence against than for.

=Conclusion=

The Flat Earth Theory provides a geometric explanation for the Moon Tilt Illusion and the dome-like movement and orientation of the celestial bodies in the sky. Its astronomical model directly predicts the tilting of the Moon's phase above and away from the Sun.

The Round Earth Theory, in contrast, has difficulty with providing a working explanation for the Moon Tilt Illusion. Straight lines in normal space should cause the illuminated portion of the Moon to point at the Sun. The explanations for this appeal to questionable perspective explanations and lines which curve on a "celestial sphere". A perspective explanation has difficulty explaining seeing the Sun and Moon misaligned when viewed simultaneously; whereas a celestial sphere explanation is entirely immaterial and without a mechanism. In complete contradiction to popular dogma, it is the Round Earth Theory which has geometric difficulties, lacking explanatory power for common observations.

Topics
Sunrise and Sunset - Sunrise and Sunset Main Page


 * Electromagnetic Acceleration - EA Main Page
 * Lunar Eclipse due to Electromagnetic Acceleration - The Lunar Eclipse occurs when the Moon moves beyond the Sun's light
 * Celestial Sphere - Lines become warped on a 'Celestial Sphere'
 * Moon Tilt Illusion - Illuminated portion of the Moon does not point in the expected direction
 * High Altitude Horizon Dip - Horizon dip at high altitudes may suggest a bending of light