Problems of the Galaxies

The Newtonian and Einsteinian theories are often praised for their "astounding" predictive power, yet are unable to explain the motions and movements of the stellar systems of the universe.

Galaxy Uniform Cohesion
Galaxies are observed to spin as if they were solid disks, but according to theory, the center of the galaxy should be spinning much faster than the edges. In order to explain the rotation of galaxies modern astronomers need the entire galaxy filled with some kind of substance which holds the stars strongly together.

See http://news.softpedia.com/news/Stars-escaping-out-of-the-Galaxy-17222.shtml (Archive)

Galaxy Rotation Rate
In addition, Galaxies as a whole are observed to spin too fast for their alleged size, beyond the point where, according to theory, the stars should fly away from each other.

https://www.dummies.com/education/science/physics/the-universes-dark-matter-and-dark-energy/ (Archive)

Distaste of the Scientific Community
From https://www.quantamagazine.org/troubled-times-for-alternatives-to-einsteins-theory-of-gravity-20180430/ (Archive) we read:

Synchronization of Galaxies
If one were to spin one hundred different tops composed of different sizes and mass distributions together on a floor it would be expected that those tops would tend to degenerate and spin out of sync with each other. However, the galaxies are seen to move in a synchronized manner, despite being too far away from each other to significantly affect each other by any known physical process, contradicting the concept of a large universe.

https://futurism.com/the-byte/something-strange-synchronizing-distant-galaxies (Archive)

Something Very Strange Seems to Be Synchronizing Distant Galaxies

Angular Size of Galaxies
One would expect that a distant galaxy should be smaller in apparent size than a closer galaxy, in a linear manner according to the laws of perspective. However, the sizes of the galaxies do not decrease linearly with distance.

Astronomers Guillermo Gonzalez and Jay Wesley Richards write in The Privileged Planet: How Our Place in the Cosmos Is Designed for Discovery, on p.191:

See Also


 * Doppler Shift - Redshift does not mean velocity
 * Star Size Illusion - The stars also do not shrink according to the laws of perspective

Galactic Epicycles
It is further seen that the physics of the galaxies are based on a discredited theory of epicycles.

Lindblad’s epicycles – valid method or bad science? (Archive) Charles Francis

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Conclusion