Difference between revisions of "Michelson-Morley Experiment"
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The surprising and shocking result of this experiment is that the earth did not measurably rotate at all, in contradiction to all expectations and the accepted astronomical model. Michelson and Morley repeated the experiment many times, and in many different axial positions and configurations, all with a null result. The earth was seen to be motionless. The experiment has been referred to as "the moving-off point for the theoretical aspects of the Second Scientific Revolution" and directly influenced the creation of Albert Einstein's Theory of General Relativity. | The surprising and shocking result of this experiment is that the earth did not measurably rotate at all, in contradiction to all expectations and the accepted astronomical model. Michelson and Morley repeated the experiment many times, and in many different axial positions and configurations, all with a null result. The earth was seen to be motionless. The experiment has been referred to as "the moving-off point for the theoretical aspects of the Second Scientific Revolution" and directly influenced the creation of Albert Einstein's Theory of General Relativity. | ||
| − | The Theory of General Relativity subsequently found favor among | + | The Theory of General Relativity subsequently found favor among scientific circles because the model of space of GR was designed to seemingly explain the motionless earth result of the Michelson-Morley experiment, allowing the theory of the earth's rotation to survive direct contradicting experimental evidence. |
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Relativ/mmhist.html | http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Relativ/mmhist.html | ||
Revision as of 00:44, 8 September 2018
The Michelson–Morley experiment was first performed in 1887 by Albert A. Michelson and Edward W. Morley. Its purpose was to compare the speed of light in perpendicular directions, in an attempt to detect the relative motion of matter through the stationary luminiferous aether by using the rotation of the earth to shift and diffuse to create interference bands of light for study.
The surprising and shocking result of this experiment is that the earth did not measurably rotate at all, in contradiction to all expectations and the accepted astronomical model. Michelson and Morley repeated the experiment many times, and in many different axial positions and configurations, all with a null result. The earth was seen to be motionless. The experiment has been referred to as "the moving-off point for the theoretical aspects of the Second Scientific Revolution" and directly influenced the creation of Albert Einstein's Theory of General Relativity.
The Theory of General Relativity subsequently found favor among scientific circles because the model of space of GR was designed to seemingly explain the motionless earth result of the Michelson-Morley experiment, allowing the theory of the earth's rotation to survive direct contradicting experimental evidence.
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Relativ/mmhist.html
"Although repeated over the next 40 years with ever greater precision and the same negative result, this 1887 experiment is pointed to as one of the experimental foundations of relativity, and earned Michelson the Nobel Prize in 1907."
Description and Results
Material from a York University course provides a good summary of the Michelson-Morley experiment and its result. Below are selected slides.
Class Description
Full Slideshow
Peer Review and Repetitions
Since 1887 the Michelson-Morley experiment has been repeated and verified on a number of occasions.
2009 Repetition in Germany
https://physicsworld.com/a/michelson-morley-experiment-is-best-yet/
Michelson–Morley experiment is best yet
"Physicists in Germany have performed the most precise Michelson-Morley experiment to date, confirming that the speed of light is the same in all directions. The experiment, which involves rotating two optical cavities, is about 10 times more precise than previous experiments – and a hundred million times more precise than Michelson and Morley’s 1887 measurement."