Ring Laser Gyroscope
The Ring Laser Gyroscope is a consumer device version of the Michelson-Gale-Pearson Experiment. The principle of operation of these devices is based on the Sagnac Effect, which was famed for showing that light changes velocity on a rotating platform. In the RLG and MGP experiment the Earth is used as the 'rotating platform'. Like with the Michelson-Gale-Pearson Experiment, some have alleged that Ring Laser Gyroscopes have detected the rotation of the earth.
From a work titled The Sagnac and Michelson-Gale-Pearson Experiments (Archive) by Dr. Paulo N. Correa we read on p.5:
“ The outcome of the MGP experiment was ambiguous, though maybe no more ambiguous than the small persistent positive shift observed in MM experiments. Composed of 269 separate tests with readings that varied from -0.04 to +0.55 of a fringe, and a mean at +0.26 fringes, the MGP experiment could be interpreted to yield a positive result of ≈ 0.3 km/s - therefore near the speed of the earth's rotation, but the result was of borderline significance. It could be said that the experiment was inconclusive because it adduced neither proof that there was a shift in the phase of the light beams, nor that there wasn't one. ”
Essentially the tests saw wild results. There was almost no change to light's velocity in one test, and then a lot of change in another test. It is perplexing that the rotation of the earth would start and stop when tested at different times. Only through the statistics was it claimed that the experiment saw the rotation of the earth. The inconsistent results were ambiguous in nature and could offer no evidence of the shift in the phase of the light beams.
As stated above, the results of the Michelson-Gale-Pearson experiment were inconsistent and an algorithm was applied to get the desired result. If we are to say that the Ring Laser Gyroscope is the same device, then the same criticism would apply.
Ring Interferometer
Micheson-Gale was a ring interferometer and the basis for all ring interferometers to come after this experiment. Its Wikipedia article says:
“ The Michelson-Gale experiment was a very large ring interferometer, (a perimeter of 1.9 kilometer) ”
The second slide in a presentation titled "Ring Laser Gyroscope Measurement of Absolute Earth Rotation" introduces the Michelson-Gale experiment as basis for the Ring Laser Gyroscope:
Ring Laser Gyroscope Measurement of Absolute Earth Rotation
3rd International Workshop on Rotational Seismology
https://slideplayer.com/slide/10532529/
Further Reference
- Ring Lasers - a brief history (Archive) - Describes that the Ring Laser Gyroscope is a Sagnac/MGP device.
Raw Data
Honeywell Ring Laser Gyro
From a paper titled Performance Evaluation of the Honeywell GG1308 Miniature Ring Laser Gyroscope we find raw data which includes the Earth rate:
2.3 GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION
“ Figure 2-2 shows graphical representations of typical raw gyro outputs. The family of graphs (a) thru (e) illustrate the RLG counts and analog parameters for a bias drift test that includes local Earth rate with strobing at a nominal 10 seconds. The initial part of the traces show the RLG turn-on transient with a RLG Count settling time of approximately one minute. One should note that it takes more than five minutes for the temperature and the PLC controller to settle. Three PLC shifts occur during this turn-on temperature transient. Even though the RLG fixture is temperature controlled to better than 0.1 0C it is shown in Fig. 2-2e that after turn-on the internal temperature of the RLG rises by 4 to 4.5 0 C before settling out. ”
MEMS Gyroscope
Similarly, raw data from Section 4.1 of a paper titled Measuring the Earth’s Rotation Rate Using a Low-Cost MEMS Gyroscope (Archive) shows that the raw data is inconsistent and noisy.
“ During the measurements the gyroscope was stationary on the floor. Its positive sensitive axis was parallel to the local horizontal plane. Total data collection time of the experiment spans to approximately 61 hours. The raw data collected directly from the sensor is shown in Figure 2 as a function of time. ”
If one were to directly conclude that the movement is due to the rotation of the earth, we would conclude that much of the data involves the earth 'spinning' backwards from its supposed direction. In truth, the noise seen is caused by other effects which are not the earth's rotation. With noise analysis the earth's 'rotation' is interpreted and pulled out with an algorithm.
“ From the Allan variance plot it can be seen that bias instability is approximately 0.00034 deg s which equals about 1.2 deg h . The result agrees well with the specifications, taking into account the temperature fluctuations during the measurements. In conclusion, the noise level of the new SCC1300-D02 gyroscope is low enough to theoretically measure the angular velocity of the Earth. ”
We see that it is through the interpretation of noise that the earth's rotation is found.
Addendum
According to the RE interpretation the earth is rotating and giving consistent results. There is another mysterious secondary mechanism modifying and dwarfing those results to a range between where the earth is stopped and where it is rotating at twice it's speed. Due to the range seen, this secondary mechanism is also somehow related to the speed of the Earth's rotation. A secondary mechanism is stopping and then speeding up the earth by 2x and ranges in between. It is from these mysterious mechanisms that the rotation of the earth is indirectly pulled out of the noise with an algorithm.
Alternatively, we may interpret this as one mechanism which is creating that range of results, and which is related to the diurnal period of the sun, tides, or celestial bodies over the earth. Whether it is seismic, heat, or 'aether' related, we know by the direct evidence of inconsistency that the results are modifiable by a mechanism present in the experiment which is not the rotation of the earth. If it is modifiable then it is also entirely createable. As the experiment is tainted by mysterious unmitigated effects which drastically affects the device, it is unclear what is being measured, what effects are involved, demonstrating that the device is not irrefutable evidence for the earth's motion.
Cause of Noise
While inconsistent experiments are invalid as demonstration of any particular cause, one potential cause of the noise in these very sensitive devices is seismic disturbance. See: Ring Laser Gyroscope - Seismology